In my previous blog, I explored setting up WordPress on an EC2 instance, a great introduction to AWS cloud services. Despite its popularity, WordPress is often targeted by cyber threats. To bolster security, I’m working on a more secure, scalable, and reliable setup in AWS, incorporating AWS RDS, ACM and AWS ALB. Additionally, I intend to experiment with hot and cold standby replication for my Ec2 Instance. Through this process I will also practice the Web Application Pen-Testing methodologies I learned at Willis College in an attempt to gain the hackers perspective on the security of my WordPress application.
Before then, I would like to walk you through the cyber threat landscape that has surrounded WordPress.
You can download a full report at the following link:
https://jordansuserguidebuck.s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/WordPress+Cyber+Report.pdf
Understanding WordPress Cyber Threats
WordPress, a common platform for websites, is vulnerable to various cyber threats due to its widespread use and extensive plugin ecosystem. This blog aims to educate about these threats and how to counter them.
Exploring Common Vulnerabilities in WordPress:
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
XSS attacks occur when attackers inject harmful scripts into websites, exploiting vulnerabilities in third-party plugins and themes. It’s like someone slipping a malicious note into a conversation, instructing others to perform harmful actions.
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
CSRF tricks a logged-in user into executing unintended actions on a web application. It’s similar to manipulating someone into sending an email without their knowledge.
SQL Injection
Attackers manipulate a site’s database through weaknesses, akin to tricking a librarian into revealing confidential files by asking a cleverly worded question.
Remote Code Execution (RCE) and File Inclusion
These attacks allow attackers to run arbitrary code or access files on the server, often through plugin or theme vulnerabilities.
Directory Traversal
This vulnerability enables attackers to access files outside the web root folder, potentially leading to data breaches.
Brute Force Attacks
These attacks involve repeated attempts to guess the password of admin accounts.
Understanding CVEs (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures)
Before diving into specific vulnerabilities, let’s understand what CVEs are. CVE stands for Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures. It’s a list or catalog of known security threats in software. Each CVE is a unique identifier for a specific vulnerability. Think of it as a database where each security hole in software is given a unique code, like a ‘name tag’, making it easier for anyone, from developers to IT professionals, to talk about and tackle these vulnerabilities systematically.
CVEs Associated with WordPress (There are MANY, but here are a few):
- CVE-2023-39999: Exposes sensitive information across multiple WordPress versions, emphasizing the need for data protection.
- CVE-2023-38000: A stored XSS vulnerability that highlights the importance of input validation and sanitization.
- CVE-2022-21664: SQL injection due to improper sanitization, underscoring the need for secure coding practices.
- CVE-2020-28037: An improper installation check leading to RCE, showing the risks of executing malicious code.
- CVE-2020-28039: Arbitrary file deletion due to improper handling, reflecting risks in file management.
- CVE-2020-28036: Privilege escalation via XML-RPC, allowing unauthorized access and privileges.
- CVE-2020-4047: Injection of JavaScript into media files, highlighting risks in media file handling.
- CVE-2019-20041: Input sanitization bypass in older versions, demonstrating the need for effective data validation.
Attack Vectors
- Plugin and Theme Vulnerabilities: These are common entry points for attacks, targeting weak components.
- Core Software Vulnerabilities: Though less common, they can have widespread effects.
- Hosting Environment: Security issues in the hosting platform can impact WordPress sites.
- Admin User Targeting: Focuses on compromising admin accounts through phishing or brute force.
Building a Secure WordPress Environment
With every vulnerability comes a software patch or mitigation strategy. Securing a WordPress site is like fortifying a castle. It requires multiple layers of defense to protect against various threats. Here are key strategies to bolster your site’s security:
- Regular Updates: Keeping WordPress, plugins, and themes updated to patch known vulnerabilities.
- Strong Access Control: Implementing strong passwords, two-factor authentication, and limiting login attempts.
- Security Plugins: Using tools for firewall protection, malware scanning, and real-time monitoring.
- Secure Hosting Environment: Choosing a secure hosting provider and employing HTTPS with SSL/TLS certificates.
- Code Management: Using necessary, well-maintained plugins and themes from trusted sources.
- Database Security: Changing the default database prefix and ensuring proper user input sanitization.
- Backup and Recovery Plan: Regularly backing up the site and database, with a disaster recovery plan in place.
- Education and Awareness: Staying informed about new vulnerabilities and best practices in security.
Conclusion: Weighing Convenience Against Learning
Of course, opting for managed WordPress hosting providers like Hostinger can simplify much of this process. These services take on the heavy lifting of managing security, allowing you to focus primarily on your content. It’s like having a team of experts guarding your fort while you focus on being the lord of the manor, crafting and sharing your stories.
However, for someone like me, an aspiring cybersecurity professional, hosting my WordPress site in an environment where I can apply all these security strategies myself is invaluable. It’s not just about keeping the site secure; it’s a hands-on learning experience. It’s like being both the architect and the builder of your castle, understanding every nook and cranny, which only deepens your knowledge and skills.
Remember, these cybersecurity best practices aren’t limited to WordPress alone. They are relevant to a multitude of different web application deployments. Whether you’re managing a personal blog or a large-scale commercial site, these strategies provide a foundation for securing digital assets in an increasingly complex online landscape.
So, while managed services offer ease and efficiency, taking the DIY route in web hosting can be a rich, educational journey, especially for those venturing into the realms of cybersecurity.
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